´ëÇѾð¾îÇÐȸ ÀüÀÚÀú³Î

´ëÇѾð¾îÇÐȸ

25±Ç 4È£ (2017³â 12¿ù)

Critical Thinking and Critical Pedagogy in English Language Teaching

Hye-Kyung Kim

Pages : 41-58

DOI : https://doi.org/10.24303/lakdoi.2017.25.4.41

PDFº¸±â

¸®½ºÆ®

Abstract

Kim, Hye-Kyung. (2017). Critical thinking and critical pedagogy in English language teaching. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 25(4). 41-58. This overview paper aims to shed light on the concepts and research areas of critical thinking and critical pedagogy and on the interplay between these two concepts in English language teaching. As critical thinking is widely regarded as a primary goal of schooling, it is important to address its role in critical pedagogy, which emphasizes the importance of helping students develop a critical awareness of the world (Crookes & Lehner, 1998), as well as the importance of both approaches in English language learning. To this end, the differences and relationships between critical thinking and critical pedagogy are discussed, followed by an examination of the literature on critical thinking in ESL/EFL learning and critical ESL/EFL pedagogy. Finally, the future directions of critical thinking and critical pedagogy in English language teaching will be considered in order to look at how language teaching and learning could play an integral role in fostering critical thinking abilities and preparing students for active participation in the global arena.

Keywords

# critical thinking # critical pedagogy # English language teaching # critical ESL/EFL pedagogy

References

  • Aliakbari, M., & Faraji, E. (2011). Basic principles of critical pedagogy. Paper presented at 2011 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences, Singapore.
  • Azadi, A. A., Zare, Z., & Khorram, A. (2015). The relationship between the critical thinking ability and the listening strategies of Iranian EFL learners. International Journal of Educational Investigations, 2(6), 32-47.
  • Banegas, D. L., & Villacañas de Castro, L. S. (2016). Criticality. ELT Journal, 70(4), 455-457.
  • Burbules, N., & Berk, R. (1999). Critical thinking and critical pedagogy: Relations, differences, and limits. In T. Popkewitz & L. Fendler (Eds.), Critical theories in education: Changing terrains of knowledge and politics (pp. 45-65). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Crookes, G. (2010). The practicality and relevance of second language critical pedagogy. Language Teaching, 43(3), 333-348.
  • Crookes, G. (2013). Critical ELT in action. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Crookes, G., & Lehner, A. (1998). Aspects of process in an ESL critical pedagogy teacher education course. TESOL Quarterly, 32(2), 319-328.
  • Degener, S. C. (2001). Making sense of critical pedagogy in adult literacy education. Annual Review of Adult Learning and Literacy, 2(1), 26-62.
  • Delpit, L. D. (1988). The silenced dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people¡¯s children. Harvard Educational Review, 58(3), 280–298.
  • Dewey, J. (1910). How we think (1998 Rev. ed.). New York, NY: DC Heath.
  • Elekaei, A., Faramazi, S., & Tabrizi, H. (2016). Autonomy, critical thinking and listening comprehension ability of Iranian EFL learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 5(2), 40-48.
  • Ennis, R. H. (1993). Critical thinking assessment. Theory into Practice, 2(32), 179–186.
  • Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction. Research findings and recommendations (ERIC ED315423). Newark, NJ: American Philosophical Association.
  • Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and power (2nd ed.). Harlow, NY: Longman.
  • Floyd, C. B. (2011). Critical thinking in a second language. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(3), 289-302.
  • Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Seabury.
  • Freire, P. (1998). Teachers as cultural workers: Letters to those who dare teach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Freire, P., & Macedo, D. P. (1987). Literacy: reading the word and the world. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey Publishers.
  • Giroux, H. A. (1991). Modernism, postmodernism and feminism: Rethinking the boundaries of educational discourse. In H. Giroux (Ed.), Postmodernism, feminism and cultural politics: Redrawing educational boundaries (pp. 1-59). New York, NY: SUNY Press.
  • Giroux, H. A. (1997). Pedagogy and the politics of hope: Theory, culture, and schooling, A critical reader. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Giroux, H. A., & McLaren, P. (1992). Writing from the margins: Geographies of identity, pedagogy, and power. Journal of Education, 174(1), 7-30.
  • Glaser, E. M. (1941). An experiment in the development of critical thinking. New York, NY: Teacher¡¯s College, Columbia University.
  • Golding, C. (2011). Educating for critical thinking: thought-encouraging questions in a community of inquiry. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(3), 357-370.
  • Hahim, M., & Masouleh, N. S. (2012). Critical thinking in higher education: A pedagogical look. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(7), 1370-1375.
  • Halpern, D. F. (1998). Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains. American Psychologist, 53(4), 449–455.
  • Halpern, D. F. (1999). Teaching for critical thinking: Helping college students develop the skills and dispositions of a critical thinker. In L. Wilkerson & W. H. Gijselaers (Eds.), New directions for teaching and learning (pp. 69–74). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Hassani, M. T., Rahmany, R., & Babaei, M. (2013). The relationship between Iranian EFL learners¡¯ critical thinking and reading comprehension performance in journalistic texts. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(10), 1373-1378.
  • Hawkins, M., & Norton, B. (2009). Critical language teacher education. In A. Burns & J. Richards (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to second language teacher education (pp. 30-39). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • hooks, b. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Huh, S. (2014). Critical literacy practices of economically privileged L2 English readers: Literacy education for globalization. English Teaching, 69(2), 97-121.
  • Huh, S., & Suh, Y. M. (2015). Becoming critical readers of graphic novels: Bringing graphic novels into Korean elementary literacy lessons. English Teaching, 70(1), 123-149.
  • Ibrahim, A. (1999). Becoming black: Rap and hip-hop, race, gender, identity, and the politics of ESL learning. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 349-369.
  • Keesing-Styles, L. (2003). The relationship between critical pedagogy and assessment in teacher education. Radical Pedagogy, 5(1), 1-20.
  • Kek, M. Y. C. A., & Huijser, H. (2011a). Exploring the combined relationships of student and teacher factors on learning approaches and self-directed learning readiness at a Malaysian university. Studies in Higher Education, 36(2), 185–208.
  • Kek, M. Y. C. A., & Huijser, H. (2011b). The power of problem-based learning in developing critical thinking skills: preparing students for tomorrow's digital futures in today's classrooms. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(3), 329-341.
  • Kim, H. K. (2016). Teacher education through critical pedagogy: Focusing on teacher identity. In S. K. Chung et al. (Eds), Critical pedagogy and English language education (pp. 209-250). South Korea: Hankookmunhwasa [in Korean].
  • Kim, H. K. (2017). Demystifying native speaker ideology: The critical role of critical practice in language teacher education. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 14(1), 81-97.
  • Kim, M. K. (2015). Students¡¯ and teacher¡¯s reflections on project-oriented learning: A critical pedagogy for Korean ELT. English Teaching, 70(3), 73–98.
  • Kim, M. K., & Pollard, V. A. (2017). A modest critical pedagogy for English as a foreign language education. Education as Change, 21(2), 50-72.
  • Kim, Y. M. (2004). Critical reading practice for EFL readers. Foreign Languages Education, 11(2), 47~76.
  • Kirby, J. R., Woodhouse, R. A., & Ma, Y. (1996). Studying in a second language: The experiences of Chinese students in Canada. In D. A. Watkins & J. B. Biggs (Eds.), The Chinese learner: Cultural, psychological and contextual influences (pp. 141–158). Hong Kong/Melbourne: Comparative Educational Research Centre and Australian Council for Educational Research.
  • Koda, K. (2005). Insights into second language reading. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ladson‐Billings, G. (1995). But that's just good teaching! The case for culturally relevant pedagogy. Theory into Practice, 34(3), 159-165.
  • Lee, J. Y. (2017). Development of the English speaking ability of college students based on the critical thinking approach. The Mirae Journal of English Language and Literature, 22(1), 375-400.
  • Luk, J., & Lin, A. (2015). Voices without words: Doing critical literate talk in English as a second language. TESOL Quarterly, 49(1), 67-91.
  • McKay, S. L., & Wong, S. L. (1996). Multiple discourses, multiple identities: Investment and agency in second-language learning among Chinese adolescent immigrant students. Harvard Educational Review, 66(3), 577-608.
  • McLaren, P. (1995). Critical pedagogy and predatory culture: Oppositional politics in a postmodern era. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • McLaren, P. (1997). Revolutionary multiculturalism: Pedagogies of dissent for the new millennium. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Miller, J. (2003) Audible difference: ESL and social identity in schools. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Morgan, B. (1998). The ESL classroom: Teaching, critical practice and community development. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
  • Na, Y. H., & Kim, S. J. (2003). Critical literacy in the EFL classroom. English Teaching, 58(3), 143-163.
  • Norton Peirce, B. (1995). Social identity, investment, and language learning. TESOL Quarterly, 29(1), 9-31.
  • Norton, B. (1997). Language, identity, and the ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 31(3), 409-429.
  • Norton, B. (2000). Identity and language learning: Gender, ethnicity and educational change. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2004). Critical pedagogies and language learning: An introduction. In B. Norton & K. Toohey (Eds.), Critical pedagogies and language learning (pp. 1-19). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nour Mohammadi. E., Heidari, F., & Dehghan Niry, N. (2012). The relationship between critical thinking ability and reading strategies used by Iranian EFL learners. English Language Teaching, 5(10), 192-201.
  • Nour Mohammadi, E., & Zare, Z. (2015). The relationship between critical thinking ability and listening comprehension ability of Iranian EFL learners. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 4(3), 47-59.
  • Pally, M. (1997). Critical thinking in ESL: an argument for sustained content. Journal of Second Language Writing, 6(3), 293-311.
  • Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). The miniature guide to critical thinking: concepts and tools. Dillon Beach, CA: The Foundation for Critical Thinking.
  • Pennycook, A. (1990). Towards a critical applied linguistics for the 1990s. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 8-28.
  • Rahimi, A., & Sajed, M. A. (2014). The interplay between critical pedagogy and critical thinking: Theoretical ties and practicalities. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 136, 41-45.
  • Riasati, M. J., & Mollaei, F. (2012). Critical pedagogy and language learning. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(21), 223-229.
  • Rymes, B., & Pash, D. (2001). Questioning identity: The case of one second-language learner. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 32(3), 276-300.
  • Shor, I. (1992). Empowering education: Critical teaching for social change. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Suh, Y. M., & Huh, S. (2014). Possibilities and challenges of a critical approach to reading instruction with Korean university students. English Language Teaching, 26(3), 39-62.
  • Sung, K. W. (2004). Critical English language teaching using a multimedia and inquiry-based approach. Multimedia-Assisted Language Teaching, 7(1), 169-198.
  • Tinning, R. (2002). Towards a 'modest' pedagogy: Reflections on the problematics of critical pedagogy. Quest, 54(3), 224-241.
  • Zare, M., Behjat, F., Abdollrahimzadeh, S. J., & Izadi, M. (2013). Critical thinking and Iranian EFL students¡¯ listening comprehension. International Journal of Linguistics, 5(6), 12-21.