대한언어학회 전자저널

Park, Hyeson. (2016). The Present Perfect in Written L2 English. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 24(2), 1-23. This study examines the distribution of the present perfect (the PP) in written essays of Korean university students. A part of the Yonsei English Learner Corpus (Lee & Chung, 2012) was analyzed focusing on the interaction of L2 proficiency and text types with the use of the PP. The main findings are as follows: 1) The learners use of the PP was not as frequent as NS usage, but was comparable to that of NS and NNS university students reported in previous studies. 2) The error patterns revealed that the confusion between the PP and the simple past was a common source of errors both for the high and low levels. Mismatches between temporal adverbials and the PP also led to ungrammatical sentences. 3) The association between the PP and lexical aspects was not evidenced in our data, contrary to the prediction of the Aspect Hypothesis. Considering the difficulty of grasping fluid pragmatic meanings of the PP and the time constraint in L2 classroom, a more realistic goal is suggested for the instruction of the PP.

# present perfect # learner errors # lexical aspects # temporal adverbials

• Andersen, R. W., & Shirai, Y. (1996). The primacy of aspect in first and second language acquisition: The pidgin-creole connection. In W. C. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 527-570). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
• Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1997). Another piece of the puzzle: The emergence of the present perfect. Language Learning, 47, 375-422.
• Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English. London: Longman.
• Brinton, L., & Brinton, D. (2010). The linguistic structure of modern English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
• Celce-Murcia, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (1999). The grammar book: An ESL/EFL teacher’s course (2nd ed.). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
• Comrie, B. (1976). Aspect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Davydova, J. (2011). The present perfect in non-native varieties of English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Elsness, J. (1997). The perfect and the preterite in contemporary and earlier English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Fuchs, R. (2016). The frequency of the present perfect in varieties of English around the world. To appear in V. Werner, G. Suárez-Gómez, & E. Seoane (Eds.), Re-assessing the present perfect in English: Corpus studies and beyond. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Retrieved from http://www.academia. edu/13752087/The_frequency_of_the_Present_Perfect_in_varieties_of_ English_around_ the_ world.
• Fuchs, R., Götz, S., & Werner, V. (2016). The present perfect in learner Englishes: A corpus-based case study on L1 German intermediate and advanced speech and writing. To appear in V. Werner, C. Suárez-Gómez, & E. Seoane (Eds.), Re- assessing the present perfect in English: Corpus studies and beyond. Berlin: de Gruyter. Retrieved from http://www.academia. edu/13752087/The_frequency_of_the_Present_Perfect_in_varieties_of_ English _around_the_world.
• Han I-H., & Hong, S-S. (2015). The acquisition problem of English present perfect to Korean adult learners of English: L1 transfer matters. English Language and Linguistics, 21, 141-164.
• Hong, H-K. (2012). Godeunghagsaengdeul-ui yeongeo sije-wa sang seubdeug-e gwanhan yeongu: Gwageo, hyeonjaewanlyo, gwageowanlyo-leul jungsim-eulo (‘A study on high school students’ acquisition of English tense and aspect: Focusing on past, present perfect and past perfect’). Unpublished MA thesis. University of Seoul. Seoul.
• Housen, A. (2002). The development of tense-aspect in English as a second language and the variable influence of inherent aspect. In R. Salaberry & Y. Shirai (Eds.), The L2 acquisition of tense-aspect morphology (pp.155-197). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
• Huddleston, R. (2002). The verb. In R. Huddleston & G. Pullum (Eds.), The Cambridge grammar of the English language (pp. 71-212). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Hundt, M. & Smith, N. (2009). The present perfect in British and American English: Has there been any change recently? ICAME Journal, 33, 45-63.
• Im, J-Y. (2008). The lexical aspect of English present perfect in advanced L2 learners’ writing. Modern English Education, 9, 42-57.
• Inoue, K. (1979). An analysis of English present perfect. Linguistics, 17, 561-589.
• Kang, I-S. (2003). Past and present perfect tense in English: Challenges for native Korean learners. English Language Teaching, 15, 27-52.
• Kiparksy, P. (2002). Event structure and the perfect. In D. I. Beaver, L. D. C. Martnez, B. Z. Clark, & S. Kaufmann (Eds.), The construction of meaning (pp. 113-136). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
• Klein, W. (1995). The acquisition of English. In R. Dietrich, W. Klein, & C. Noyau (Eds.), The acquisition of temporality in a second language (pp. 31-70). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
• Lee, H-S. (1993). Tense or aspect: The speaker's communicative goals and concerns as determinant, with reference to the anterior -ŏss- in Korean. Journal of Pragmatics, 20, 327-358.
• Lee, S-J., & C-K, Chung. (2012). Yonsei English learner corpus. Seoul: Yonsei University.
• Lim, S-H. (2005).Yeongeo-ui gwageosije-wa hyeonjaewanlyosang-e daehan jungdeunghagsaengdeul-ui sayongneunglyeog yeongu (‘A study on students' ability to use simple past tense and present perfect aspect’). Unpublished MA thesis. SungKyunKwan University. Seoul.
• McCawley, J. D. (1971). Tense and time reference in English. In C. J. Fillmore & D. T. Langendoen (Eds.), Studies in linguistic semantics (pp. 97-114). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
• Mittwoch, A. (2008). The English resultative perfect and its relationship to the experiential perfect and the simple past tense. Linguistics and Philosophy, 31, 323-351.
• Murphy, R. (2000). English grammar in use (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Oh, S-Y. (2003). The Korean verbal suffix -ess-: A diachronic account of its multiple uses. Journal of Pragmatics, 35, 1181-1222.
• Park, M-J., & Choe, M-H. (2013). Advanced Korean EFL learners’ use of the English simple past and present perfect in controlled contexts. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 21, 119-145.
• Park, S-J. (2015). Hangug daehagsaeng yeongeohagseubja-ui yeongeo hyeonjaewanlyo-wa gwageosije-ui sayong-e gwanhan yeongu (‘A study on Korean EFL university learners' use of the English present perfect and the simple past’). Unpublished MA thesis. Sookmyung Women’s University. Seoul.
• Portner, P. (2003). The (temporal) semantics and (modal) pragmatics of the perfect. Linguistics and Philosophy, 26, 459-510.
• Ravid, D., & Berman, R. (2010). Developing noun phrase complexity at school age: A text-embedded cross-linguistic analysis. First Language, 30, 3-26.
• Rogatcheva, S. (2014). Aspect in learner writing: A corpus-based comparison of advanced Bulgarian and German learners’ written English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Gissen University, Germany.
• Schlüter, N. (2006). How reliable are the results? Comparing corpus-based studies of the present perfect. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 54, 135-148.
• Shin, E-J. (2015). Hangugin yeongeohagseubja-ui yeongeo sije seubdeug-e gwanhan mogugeo jeoni yeoghal: Gwageo-wa hyeonjaewanlyo-leul jungsim-eulo (‘The Role of L1 transfer in the acquisition of English tense by Korean learners: With particular reference to simple past and present perfect’). Unpublished MA thesis. Kyungpook National University. Daegu.
• Shirai, Y. (2013). Coding data: Lexical aspect in language acquisition studies. In R. M. Salaberry & L. Comajoan (Eds.), Research design and methodology in studies on L2 tense and aspect (pp. 271-308). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Sohn, S-O. (1995). Tense and aspect in Korean. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
• Uno, M. (2014). Lexical aspect in the use of the present perfect by Japanese EFL learners. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 52, 31-57.
• Werner, V. (2014). The present perfect in world Englishes: Charting unity and diversity. Bamberg, Germany: University of Bamberg Press.
• Wynne, T. (2000). The present perfect: A corpus-based investigation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Stirling. Scotland.
• Yao, X., & Collins, P. (2012). The present perfect in World Englishes. World Englishes, 31, 386-403.